My musicological interests lie in researching, programming, and interpreting the song and chamber music repertoire of historic women composers, particularly those from the nineteenth century. By challenging gendered historiographical narratives that surround “canon” creation, I wish to question, analyze, and reveal the socio-cultural constructs and biases that continually diminish the historic contributions of women creators within the field of classical music.
Through my experiences as a vocalist and concert curator, I find the medium of the song recital to be a nuanced forum that highlights notions of “canonicity.” By exposing performers, collaborators, audiences, and ourselves to song repertoire by historic women composers, we labor to create a more inclusive and more accurate historical “canon” narrative. To this end, I will focus my Doctoral lecture recital research on the Lieder repertoire, both published and unpublished, of German composer Luise Adolpha Le Beau (1850-1927).
Portrait of the composer (1872) Photo: Badische Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe
Historical Background
Born in Rastatt, Germany, Luise Adolpha Le Beau (1850-1927) was raised in a musical family, and her parents devoted themselves to her education. She later cultivated her professional career as a composer, pianist, music critic, and piano pedagogue, although she identified primarily as a composer. Le Beau wrote in large-scale forms, such as symphonies, operas, and choral works, but also embraced small-scale Lieder and instrumental chamber music. During the 1870’s and 1880’s in Munich, Le Beau was successful in publishing and seeking performances of her newest works. In the decades that followed, however, she struggled to find further performance opportunities, moving to Wiesbaden, Berlin, and Baden-Baden to seek more fertile collaborative landscapes.
Le Beau’s memoirs, Lebenserinnerungen einer Komponistin (Memoirs of a Woman Composer), published in 1910, detail her frustrations with the sexism and lack of acceptance she faced as a woman composer, which contributed to Le Beau’s withdrawal from her public career as a composer in the early 1900’s.
As Le Beau was thwarted in her compositional life, upon her passing, although she meticulously organized and catalogued her manuscripts and personal papers, Le Beau’s music was simply “forgotten.” While more recent scholarship has explored her large-scale works and instrumental chamber music, there is little to no scholarship about Le Beau’s Lieder repertoire, only a handful of her ten published Lieder opuses are readily available to the public, and to my knowledge, few professional recordings of Le Beau’s Lieder exist.
Archival Research in Germany
With a generous Graduate Award from The Presser Foundation, I traveled to Berlin from mid-March to early June 2022. I examined Le Beau’s Nachlaß (estate) at three German state libraries to acquire copies of her unpublished song manuscripts and other primary source material relevant to the compositional and performance practice of her songs. I accessed Le Beau’s personal estate in the public archives of the Berlin State Library, the Bavarian State Library, and the Baden State Library Karlsruhe. I spent most of my time at the Berlin State Library since Le Beau bequeathed seventy-nine volumes of her manuscripts to this institution. Le Beau’s entire oeuvre contains over sixty works, including ten published song opuses.
Memorial plaque for Luise Adolpha Le Beau in Baden-Baden at Lichtenthaler Straße 46 Photo: Gerd Eichmann
Upon my return to the United States (and with the support of various collaborators), I will transcribe her unpublished song manuscripts into working scores, as well as translate her correspondence and personal journals. I plan to incorporate a portion of this research into the lecture recital for my Doctor of Musical Arts degree at Peabody Institute. In the future, I hope to present concerts of Le Beau’s Lieder with an accompanying lecture on her life and music. Other potential projects include presentations of Le Beau’s Lieder at venues throughout the Washington DC/Baltimore area, a recorded album of Le Beau’s song repertoire, as well as publishing a collected edition of her Lieder scores.
L’Allée des Rêves (The Alley of Dreams), c. 1855 by Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot University of Arizona Museum of Art
If I now, at the age of fifty-nine, try to describe my experiences as objectively as possible, it is not done out of vanity or arrogance, but rather, from other motives. Firstly, it was a wish of my dear, blessed father that I would point out the many difficulties that stand in the way of a woman in the field of musical composition, the envy and resentment of my colleagues, as well as the prejudice and misunderstanding in the advice of those who were the most qualified and best situated to nurture a talent, and that I speak the truth loudly without shyness or regard for well-known individuals – however, I was also supported by others, who played a role in my life as an artist, who encouraged me to tell my story…
In his encyclopedia of music history, Herr Ritter compares the making of music in the nineteenth century with a large forest that is covered with all kinds of trees and says, that not only do a few giant trees make up the forest, but rather, the small trees, bushes, grasses, flowers, and mosses are essential to giving it its real character… Whatever gifts I was given, I have nurtured with all my strength; no one can do anything more! I did not disdain even the smallest gifts, but rather, I took delight in all musical works, as long as they were artistically serious and true… Should one or another of my compositions please later generations, I have not written in vain. I have never wished for more recognition than I deserve! Finally, I thank all those who are still living or have already led the way to a better land, all those who have given me the gift of interest and friendly encouragement for my striving!
Excerpted from “Foreword” | Lebenserinnerungen einer Komponistin (1910) by Luise Adolpha Le Beau Translation by Noelle McMurtry
Updates
June 20th, 2022 – I’ve returned from my travels in Germany with a lot of manuscripts and primary source material to examine! I also launched my blog, She Is Song, a forum to share research, recordings, and other information about women creators in classical music. For my first blog series, I’ll write about my experiences in Germany as I searched for the song repertoire of Luise Adolpha Le Beau. Be sure to subscribeto follow my work (it’s free!).
January 31st, 2023 – I will perform excerpts from Le Beau’s Vier Terzette, op. 5 and Zwei Duette, op. 6 with sopranos Julie Bosworth and Claire Galloway Weber on Sauvez moi de l’amour, a chamber music recital featuring works by David Lang, Mel Bonis, Comtessa de Dia, Maddalena Casulana, and Caroline Shaw. Click here for more information; keep an eye on this project space and my YouTube channel for video excerpts from the concert.
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Trio for Pianoforte, Violin and Violoncello Scherzo. “Allegro – Trio – Da Capo” Bartek Niziol, violin Denis Severin, violoncello Tatiana Korsunskaya, piano
Sonata for Piano and Violoncello op. 17 D Major “Movement II – Andante tranquillo” Denis Severin, violoncello Tatiana Korsunskaya, piano Photos by Olga Severina
Portrait of Luise Adolpha Le Beau (1850-1927) Author Unknown; Alamy PhotosCover for Le Beau’s autobiography, Lebenserinnerungen einer Komponistin (1910)
In Portraits and Persons: A Philosophical Inquiry, Cynthia Freeland discusses how the ever-changing nature of portraiture, across locale and era, reflects “what it is to be a person.” [1] She defines the portrait artist as “an alchemist who seeks to make inert physical material ‘live’ and show us a person, an actual individual whose physical embodiment reveals psychological awareness, consciousness, and an inner emotional life.” [2] One of the more striking features of a portrait is its ability to capture the “essence” of a person, if only for a specific moment in time. While this momentary “essence” of an individual is elusive and highly susceptible to interpretation, portraiture remains a fascinating portal into the body, mind, and emotional life of another person. Arguably, portraits illuminate some aspect of “the self,” be it us or the self of another.
Isadora Duncan Dancers (1915-1923) Photo: Arnold Genthe, Library of Congress
Along with considering portraiture a representation of some facet of a subject’s “inner life,” Freeland also details another crucial element: “the ability to pose or present oneself to be depicted in a representation.” As a singer, this struck me deeply – the self-awareness of posing both vocally and physically, of putting oneself forward to represent or be represented, of revealing some part of “the self” (either my own self, or an imagined character in a poem or libretto) through sound. It made me wonder – did most of my creative work as a singer involve “painting” portraits with my body, vocal sounds, and words? Often, I have felt the tension of being both the painter and the sitter. While I express interpretive agency through my performance, the audience’s gaze nevertheless maintains my position as an object to be viewed and perceived.
Portraits: The Self Illuminated explores the intersection of these tactile, linguistic, visual, and sonic portraits through the music of Élisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre, Francis Poulenc, Barbara Strozzi, and Lacy Rose and the portraiture of Gwen John, John Duncan, Gustav Klimt, and Bernardo Strozzi. I have consciously paired each musical work with a visual portrait, some of which are known to have directly influenced the musical composition, while others are linked purely through my own imagination. Can they melt into one another to bring “the self” momentarily to the surface, creating that ever-elusive glimpse at the inner life of a human being?
October 2019 Baltimore, MD
NOTES 1. Cynthia, Freeland. Portraits and Persons: A Philosophical Inquiry. New York, Oxford University Press, 2010, 1. 2. Freeland, Portraits and Persons, 74.
Selected Artwork from Portraits: The Self Illuminated
Hope I by Gustav Klimt (1862-1918)Posthumous Portrait of Ria Munk III by Gustav Klimt (1862-1918)Self-Portrait by Gwen John (1876-1936)Woman with Viola da Gamba by Bernardo Strozzi (1581-1644) Ria Munk on her deathbed (Ria Munk auf dem Totenbett) by Gustav Klimt (1862-1918)
Program
For more information about the composers and musical works featured on Portraits: The Self Illuminated, check out my research and writing!
Image: Semele by John Duncan (c.1921)
Multimedia
Movement I, from Hope by Lacy Rose Eunchan Kim, piano Christopher Ciampoli, violin William Weijia Wang, violin Flavia Pajaro-van de Stadt, viola Alexander Cousins, cello
Movement II, from Hope by Lacy Rose Eunchan Kim, piano Christopher Ciampoli, violin William Weijia Wang, violin Flavia Pajaro-van de Stadt, viola Alexander Cousins, cello
Movement III, from Hope by Lacy Rose Eunchan Kim, piano Christopher Ciampoli, violin William Weijia Wang, violin Flavia Pajaro-van de Stadt, viola Alexander Cousins, cello
Ria Munk I, from Ria Munk by Lacy Rose Christopher Ciampoli, violin William Weijia Wang, violin Flavia Pajaro-van de Stadt, viola Alexander Cousins, cello
Ria Munk II, from Ria Munk by Lacy Rose Christopher Ciampoli, violin William Weijia Wang, violin Flavia Pajaro-van de Stadt, viola Alexander Cousins, cello
Ria Munk III, from Ria Munk by Lacy Rose Christopher Ciampoli, violin William Weijia Wang, violin Flavia Pajaro-van de Stadt, viola Alexander Cousins, cello
Semelé by Élisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre Paula Maust, harpsichord Christian Paquette, Baroque flute Theodore Welke, theorbo
E giungerà pur mai by Barbara Strozzi Theodore Welke, theorbo
Trois poèmes de Louise de Vilmorin by Francis Poulenc Eunchan Kim, piano
Portraits: The Self Illuminated is in partial fulfillment of the Doctor of Musical Arts degree in Vocal Performance at the Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University.
The Heart wants what it wants – or else it does not care… Not to see what we love, is very terrible – and talking – doesn’t ease it – and nothing does – but just itself.
Emily Dickinson, Letter to a friend (Spring, 1862)
Description
In Head, Heart,works by Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre, Kaija Saariaho, Kate Soper, and John Harbison all share a common theme: the struggle between the head and the heart. While the severity of this struggle and its consequences vary, its underlying tension lingers. As the musical protagonists of these works experience love, loss, death, violence, and ecstatic bliss, they must continually examine what they are willing to sacrifice to achieve their aims.
For de la Guerre’s Esther of the Old Testament, it is a question of ultimate survival: should she risk her own life to save the Jewish people of Persia from annihilation at the hands of Haman? For Harbison’s Mirabai, should she abandon her family, her possessions, her noble status, and everything she has ever known to devote her life to the Hindu deity Krishna? For both Soper and Saariaho, the heart becomes disembodied altogether, adopting its own voice to teach the head about life, counseling the self to be released from its painful burdens, but at what cost?
Ultimately, the inter-play between these parts of ourselves, not the dominance of one over another, truly defines our actions. By exploring these characters, no matter how divided they seem by time, place, and musical style, we encounter a glimpse of our own fragile selves, as we too navigate the ever-complex binary of the head and the heart.
May 2019 Baltimore, MD
Program
For more information about the musical works and composers on Head, Heart, check out my research and writing!
French Canadian flutist Christian Paquette is the Principal Flute of the York Symphony Orchestra and newly appointed Principal Flute of the Baltimore Chamber Orchestra. In September of 2022 he will hold the position of Principal Flute of the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony Orchestra in Canada. He is a doctoral candidate at the Peabody Institute of Johns Hopkins University under the tutelage of Marina Piccinini. He has also worked in flute repairs with Adam Workman, founder of Flutistry Boston. He has frequently performed back in his hometown of Ottawa, Canada with the Ottawa Symphony Orchestra, the National Arts Centre Orchestra and the Thirteen Strings Ensemble. He was also the President of the Ottawa Flute Association from 2015 to 2017.
Christian has performed in the Shriver Hall Concert Series, Music and Beyond Festival, recitals at the National Arts Centre Fourth Stage, Concerto performances with the Peabody Symphony Orchestra (Nielsen) under the baton of Miguel Harth-Bedoya, the University of Ottawa Symphony Orchestra (Ibert and Nielsen), and with the Ottawa Chamber Orchestra (Rodrigo). He is greatly looking forward to his performance of the Reinecke Flute Concerto with the Farnborough Symphony Orchestra in England later in 2022. He is the recipient of numerous competition awards, such as the MPIMC (Marina Piccinini International Master Classes) Concerto Competition, first prize at the Yale Gordon Competition, Canadian Music Competition, the National Music Festival, the NACO Bursary Competition and many others. This past summer he was a fellow in the Aspen Contemporary Ensemble and has been reinvited for the 2022 summer season. Past teachers include Paula Robison, Denis Bluteau, and Camille Churchfield.
Christian is extremely grateful to the Fondation Baxter et Alma Ricard as well as the Sylva Gelber Music Foundation for their generous support in his doctoral studies at the Peabody Institute.
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Only the words themselves mean what they say by Kate Soper (b.1981) Christian Paquette, flute
The Clouds, from Mirabai Songs by John Harbison (b.1938) Eric Sedgwick, piano
Head, Heart is in partial fulfilment of the Graduate Performance Diploma in Vocal Performance at Peabody Institute of Johns Hopkins University.
Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950) Originally published in Renascence and Other Poems (Mitchell Kennerley, 1917)
Description
I conceived of The Little Ghost as a means of highlighting and examining women’s viewpoints in song, be it through the voice of the composer, the poet, or the performer of the song itself. I hope to create a mosaic of women’s creative contributions and opinions, which cross historical era and musical style, from the early Baroque to the 20th Century. By exploring the musical works of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel and Libby Larsen, the poetry of Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin, and the lives of Restoration-era performers Anne Bracegirdle and Mary Hodgson, I wish to reveal the timeless, universal stories expressed so powerfully through their music, as well as the evolution of female expression throughout the centuries, a topic that I find fascinating, relevant, and sadly, underrepresented.
My title, the little ghost, refers to an Edna St. Vincent Millay poem of the same name, written in 1917 from Renascence and Other Poems, in which the poet observes the ghost of the former owner of her home as she walks through the garden. Millay shares a certain intimacy with the ghost; they inhabit the same space. Though she can see this apparition clearly from her window, there is much that divides these two women. The ghost cannot be completely “known” or understood by Millay; in fact, she exists both inside and outside of Millay’s reality. For the ghost, the wall of the garden once held a gate, while for the poet, it is now overgrown with lush greenery. Through this concert program, I hope to situate myself and my audience in the divide between Millay and her ghost, finding ways to give voice and deepen our understanding of the lives, stories, and musical contributions of women of the past and the present. The little ghost was performed as part of The Cantanti Project’s Project 4.
October 2015 New York City
Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel (1805–1847) Drawing of Fanny Hensel by Wilhelm Hensel Anne Bracegirdle (1671-1748)Libby Larsen (b.1950) Photo: Anne MarsdenLouise Lévêque de Vilmorin (1902-1969) Photo: Cecil Beaton, National Portrait Gallery – London
Program
For more information about the musical works and composers on The little ghost, check out my research and writing!
Multimedia
Morgenständchen, from Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel’s Sechs Lieder, Op. 1 Joseph Yungen, piano
Violon, from Francis Poulenc’s Fiançailles pour rire Joseph Yungen, piano
As a performer, I have long been fascinated by the song recital as a medium for questioning notions of “canon,” as well as giving voice to those who have been marginalized in classical music. In doing so, I discover voices that I have never heard before, voices of historic women that are completely unknown to me. In communing with these composers and their music, I pay homage to a tradition of female creation that I wish to claim my place amongst. Through the works of Francesca Caccini, Germaine Tailleferre, Maddalena Casulana, Vittoria Aleotti, Leonora Orsini, and Agathe Backer-Grøndahl, I acknowledge that I exist partly because they existed; in some small way, I stand on their shoulders.
September 2017 Baltimore, MD
Francesca Caccini (1587-1641) Portrait of a Young Woman Known as “La Bella”, Palma Vecchio (c.1518) Leonora Orsini (c.1560 – 1634)Agathe Backer-Grøndahl (1847-1907) Photo: Christiania Drammen Rude National Library of NorwayGermaine Tailleferre (1892-1983) Photo: Arnold Genthe
Program
For more information on the composers and musical works featured in To the queen of my heart, check out my research and writing!
Image: Le miroir psyché by Berthe Morisot (1841-1895) Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection
Multimedia
Lute Songs by Renaissance Women Composers
Tre Sange, Op. 1 by Agathe Backer-Grøndahl
Six chansons françaises by Germaine Tailleferre
To the queen of my heart is in partial fulfilment of the Doctorate in Musical Arts Degree in Vocal Performance at Peabody Institute of Johns Hopkins University.
